Greenerd : Hydraulic Press Solutions : Applications

Assembly: Fastening two or more parts together. Different types of assembly dies include press fitting, staking, curling, seaming and riveting.

Bending: Work performed by the punch pushing the stock into a cavity or depression of a corresponding shape.

Blanking: The shearing or cutting of outside contours or shapes, called blanks, out of sheet or strip stock.

Broaching: The process of machine cutting with the use of broaches. Using a bar shaped cutting tool, having a series of graduated cutting edges extending along the length of the tool. Can be pushed or pulled through the tool in the part to be broached.

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Bulging: The process of increasing the diameter of a cylindrical shell usually to a spherical shape or of expanding the outer walls of any shell or box shape whose walls were previously straight.

Clamping: Term described for holding metal together for various purposes by means of two surfaces through which pressure is applied.

Coining: A squeezing operation, usually performed cold in a closed die, in which the metal is forced to flow to fill the shape and profile of the dies.

Compacting: An object produced by the compression of individual, mixed or alloyed metal powders.

Compression Molding: Most commonly called the SMC process. The use of a premanufactured material or charge that is pressed to shape and cured during the molding operation.

Deep Drawing: Forming of deep recessed parts from sheet material by means of plastic flow of the material worked in presses and dies.

Die Spotting: A process used in the final finishing of dies to indicate spot inaccuracies, and also to test mating and functioning of die parts.

Drawing: A variety of forming operations including deep draw, redrawing a tubular part, and drawing rod, wire and tube. A method to produce a cup-like form from a sheet metal.
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Embossing: A process for producing raised or sunken designs in sheet material by means of male and female dies, theoretically with no change in metal thickness. Common examples are lettering, ornamental picturing, ribs for stiffening, etc. Heavy embossing and coining are similar operations.

Extruding: The most severe squeezing operation in which shapes of plastic metals or other materials are produced by forcing the metal (either hot or cold) under high pressure through an aperature of the shape required. Bars and tubing of various shapes are extruded from lead, tin, copper, aluminum and alloys.

Flaring: Forming a flange on a tubular part which deviates from a plane. Forming a flange on a head.

Flattening: A process to flatten sheet metal or to flatten hems. To remove irregularities of a metal surface by a variety of different methods, such as rolling and roller leveling of sheet and strip.

Forging: A variety of forming operations in which metal, usually hot, is displaced by direct action of compressive forces.

Forming: Any change in the shape of a metal piece which does not intentionally reduce the metal thickness.

Hydroforming: A forming process that uses fluid pressure in place of dies and punches. This technique is very useful for producing whole components that would otherwise be made from multiple stampings that would otherwise be joined together.

Ironing: The press operation of reducing the wall thickness of a shell or cup while retaining the original thickness of the bottom, and reducing the inside diameter by only a small amount.

Laminating: Bonding multiple layers of material. Laminate is usually permanently assembled through the use of heat, pressure, or adhesive.

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Necking: Reducing the diameter of a portion of the length of a cylindrical shell or tube. This can be done by spinning, swaging, or in press dies.

Notching: A metalworking operation in which the punch removes material from the edge of a strip, or blank or part.

Perforating: The punching of many holes, usually identical and arranged in a pattern, in a sheet, blank or previously formed part. The holes are usually round but can be any shape.

Piercing: A general term for cutting (shearing or punching) openings, such as holes and slots in sheet material, plate or parts.

Pinch Trimming: Trimming the edge of a tubular part or shell by clamping the flange between a drawing and a mating die surface and pushing or pinching this flange or lip over the cutting edge of a stationary punch or over the cutting edge of a draw punch.

Press Fit: To fit or press two round pieces together such as a shaft into a bushing. Riveting: A process used to fasten two or more pieces together.

Pressure Testing: A process used to test for leaks is a wide variety of components used in the automotive, aerospace, military and other industries.

Punching: Die shearing of a closed contour in which the sheared out part is scrap. Stamp: To impress by pressure (sink in) lettering or design in the surface of sheet material or parts. Also, the general term to denote all press working.

Restriking: A sizing or light coining operation in which compressive strains are introduced in the stamping to counteract or offset tensile strains set up in previous operations. For example, restriking is used to counteract springback in a bending operation.

Reverse Redrawing: Second and subsequent drawing operations which are formed in the opposite direction to the original drawing.

Rollforming: A process used to form a strip into a straight section by means of a set or sets of driven rolls.

Shaft Straightening: The process to flatten or remove any irregularities in bar stock or short and long parts.

Shaving: A secondary shearing or cutting operation in which the surface of a previously cut edge is finished or smoothed by removing a minimal amount of stock.

Sizing: Sizing operations are secondary forming or squeezing operations, required to square up, set down, flatten to produce specified dimensions and tolerances.

Stacking: A process where multiple parts are stacked one on top of another and then held together by some form of clamping.

Staking: A method to permanently fasten two pieces or parts together by recessing one piece within the other and causing plastic flow of the material at the joint.

Stamping: Forming and drawing press operations. A general term covering almost all press operations.

Steel Rule Dies: A die employing a thin strip of steel formed to an outline of a part and a flat metal plate or block of wood for the punch. Used to cut non-metallic material, soft metals, and low run prototype sheet metal parts. Also called cookie cutter die.

Stretch Forming: The shaping of a sheet or part, usually of uniform cross section, by first applying suitable tension or stretch and then wrapping it around a die of the desired shape.

Swaging: A squeezing or cold-forging operation involving considerable material flow of the metal under conditions less confined than in embossing and coining.

Trimming: A secondary cutting or shearing operation on a previously formed, drawn, or forged parts in which any surplus metal of a irregular outline or edge is sheared off to form the desired shape and size.

Upsetting: A squeezing or compressing operation, usually hot forging, in which a larger cross section of the material or part is formed by reducing the length i.e. forming a bolt head.